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station this is houston are you ready

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for the event

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wxo wtv this is mission control houston

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please call the station for a voice

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the station this is wxw tv how do you

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we have you

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loud and clear we're looking forward to

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all right

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we are joined this morning by a pair of

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very special guests astronaut astronauts

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jeff williams from winter wisconsin and

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kate rubins aboard the international

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space station thank you so much for

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joining us

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now i have to ask you seem to have the

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coolest job in the galaxy does that

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still resonate or does it get to be just

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well i don't think you could ever say it

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gets to be just a job after a while

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there's a the uniqueness never fades up

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here uh being able to uh to work and and

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and play in weightlessness and being

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able to view the earth it just never

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gets old it's a it's an incredible

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opportunity that

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i think none of us ever really take for

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granted no matter how long we've been

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and now kate you've just arrived on the

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iss what is a daily life like so far

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like if you get into an argument with

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another crew member can you can you slam

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a door an airlock or something and

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cool off a little bit i guess just give

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us an idea what kind of size of a of a

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well the first thing that we noticed as

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we approached the space station uh even

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despite all the training that we've been

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through is just how amazingly huge it is

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it's it's phenomenally impressive when

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you get up close to it and so there's

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actually

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an enormous amount of interior volume

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we've got a number of modules and we're

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also incredibly fortunate that we have

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an amazing crew so there's no need to go

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shut yourself off in the airlock

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or anything like that but there's a lot

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of space up here

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part of that's due to just the fact that

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we've got so many different nations

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working in this laboratory there's a lot

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of modules from different nations and a

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here yeah that is fantastic to hear now

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we reached out to some people for their

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questions uh here's one from uh nissa

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taunt on facebook who asks uh what's one

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thing for both of you about living in

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space or on the iss that you really

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yeah so we watch uh people from the

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ground all the time and you get a sense

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of how folks move around up here but one

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of the most interesting things for me

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and the challenges has been early on is

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just how you control yourself in all six

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axes in weightlessness and you can watch

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it on tv all day long

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but when you're actually trying to

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make sure that you can stabilize and do

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some work it's a lot harder than i

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and jeff andrew steger on facebook asks

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what sort of emotions for you go through

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your mind when you pass over the state

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of wisconsin i'm sure you've seen it a

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oh yeah i've seen it many times and i'm

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sure your listeners and viewers have

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seen some of the photography i've taken

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of wisconsin along with everywhere else

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in the world

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but when i pass over it brings back my

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my childhood years my growing up there

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and all the great memories i had there

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growing up on a farm just outside the

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village of winter a farm that my

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grandfather carved out of the woods

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after he emigrated from sweden

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my mother was born there she she passed

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away there in the same house the

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homestead still in the family

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so friends and

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and extended family are still there so

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all of those memories come back every

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time we pass over

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yeah jeff your photography is quite

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stunning you post a lot of those photos

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on your twitter account now is that just

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something that's developed as a hobby or

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is there something more you hope to

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achieve or or inspire with these

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well i learned the first time i went to

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space in the year 2000 that when you

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come back it a lot of times the the

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details of the experience happen so fast

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that you can't remember them all you

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can't capture them all in your memory

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and the memories fade away quickly but

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the photography captures the moment and

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so i grew in appreciation right off the

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bat uh in later years i grew in the

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appreciation in appreciation to bring in

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the experience to people on earth and

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that's how i attempt to do it so i'm

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mostly motivated to take the photography

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to share the experience vicariously to

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yeah jeff now i know you know there's a

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storied tradition of space flight here

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in wisconsin deke slayton being both a

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key figure for both nasa and our

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heritage in the badger state what does

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it mean to you

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well i've always been proud to be from

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wisconsin wisconsin is a beautiful state

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the people are great

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it's got a great

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i'm proud to represent the people of

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wisconsin i love to go back there and

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speak to to folks i get back to the

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hometown to into the area in different

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parts of wisconsin actually speaking in

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different groups now and then and uh and

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and i'm just i'm just

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proud to represent the state of the

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okay you're studying uh dna sequencing

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up there we're learning so much more

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about this and genetics but there's so

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much more we don't yet know

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what i guess do you hope to accomplish

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yeah we've got an amazing research

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program and it's really the

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collaborative efforts of about over 200

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different investigations so we're

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focusing on understanding genomics and

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what's going on in cells during space

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flight one of the things i just set up

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this morning actually was a work volume

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in order for us to study heart cells so

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we're interested in how

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cells behave in microgravity once

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they're in free fall what kind of

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signaling happens what happens to their

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structure and behavior and so we're

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going to start to understand a lot of

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that in the coming months and years

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and what sort of impact do you think

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that will have for research and human

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i think a lot of it is basic research so

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we're just getting some fundamental

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understanding about how things behave in

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microgravity and sometimes that might

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not seem like it's particularly relevant

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to life on earth but we can understand a

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lot of things about

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bone loss osteoporosis muscle wasting

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immune system changes there's a lot of

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diseases on earth that actually

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we have some some excellent ways to

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research that on station and some of

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these things we can only look at in

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microgravity so this is the only place

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i would say in the world but it's off

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the world this is the only place off the

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world that we can actually study gravity

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as a variable to understand important

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yeah that is certainly something amazing

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jeff with this mission i've read you'll

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set the record for the most cumulative

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days in space and we know nasa's

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studying the effects of long-term space

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flight on humans with the kelly brothers

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scott and mark but what have you noticed

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uh well

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and

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when i think about that i think about

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the space station itself and the

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achievement of the space station i was

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honored to be

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among the early crews when we first

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started building this and then came back

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halfway through and then came back about

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the time we were completing the assembly

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and now we're in the full utilization

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mode

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so what amazes me most about the

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experience i've had in my career is the

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the incredible accomplishment that this

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international partnership has done

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in what we call the international space

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station there's going to be a lot of

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things that come out of the space

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station research program science

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programs and whatnot but probably the

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biggest achievement in my opinion is the

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space station itself being able to build

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it and operate it for so many years

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in a in an international way that we've

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been able to do it so

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and and that's going to build the future

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for speech

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yeah speaking of future exploration

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there's an international docking adapter

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that's being installed to make it easier

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for commercial flights now to dock at

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the station where you both see with this

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well certainly the near term future for

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the space station will be

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the

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commercial crew vehicles to rotate part

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of the crew from u.s soil and of course

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that's a

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very important for us

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that's the next step we're going to as

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you mentioned uh add a docking adapter

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that's going to be delivered here next

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week on the

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spacex dragon

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and then we'll go out kate and i will go

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out to do a spacewalk to install that

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thing and that will prepare

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the place for those commercial crew

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vehicles to dock and and that's a

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natural progression i think if you look

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at the history of aviation look at the

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history of other uh technologies uh it

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has started out very expensive and maybe

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not a market uh in it so it's the

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governments historically have done that

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basic development early development and

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then eventually it migrates over to the

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commercial world and ends up being you

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know working on a business model to be

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able to

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to exploit it

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in terms of economic systems and it and

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it's it's no different with this so

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that's uh that chapter of the future of

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course nasa and other uh government

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agencies are looking toward exploration

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beyond earth orbit going back perhaps to

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the moon and of course you hear about

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eventually getting to mars mars is a

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destination that's a little bit far away

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yet it's going to take some work to get

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there

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but in my opinion we'll end up doing

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something in lunar in the lunar system

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certainly exciting we look forward to

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following your progress jeff williams

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kate rubins thank you so much for

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it's been great to talk to you

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station this is houston acr that

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concludes the wxo w tv portion of the

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event please stand by for a voice check

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from reuters science

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station this is irene klotz at the

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kennedy space center and julie

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steenheimsen in chicago with reuters how

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we hear you loud and clear it's great to

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talk to you today thank you you too

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commander williams i'd like to start

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with you

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what's the plan for installation of the

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commercial crew vehicle's docking

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adapter once it reaches the iss

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well it'll come up in the external

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compartment of the dragon

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cargo vehicle

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the spacex will launch that next week as

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you said

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and after we get through the the track

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and capture of it and get it birthed to

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the international space station

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we've got a lot of science on board

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that's going to be the first priority

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but eventually

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we will get our spacesuits ready and

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prepare to go outside

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the ground will actually grab the

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docking adapter with the robotic arm and

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pluck it out of the dragon spacecraft

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and pre-position it very close to its

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final place which is going to be at the

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very front end of the space station

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on the mating adapter that the space

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shuttle used to uh launch or dock to

294
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and then we will go out uh in our

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spacesuits get out there and the ground

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will command the robotic arm to bring it

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uh very close probably with less than an

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inch away from its uh its mating

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interface uh and then we will do the

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work to uh to get it attached to the

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space station with the aid of the ground

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and that robotic arm uh once we get it

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attached we'll connect up data and power

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cables so then the hooks can be

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commanded so that its final sealing

306
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surface can be uh can be made it to the

307
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space station very important critical

308
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it's absolutely necessary

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for

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the the future activities of launch and

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commercial vehicles and docking to the

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space station

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thank you for dr rubens um what

314
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experiments are you personally most

315
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looking forward to working with while

316
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all of the science

317
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there's there's quite a bit uh actually

318
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it's a it's a phenomenal research

319
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program and obviously my background is

320
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molecular biology and life sciences so

321
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uh that's the part that i just

322
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understand from my previous work i'm

323
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really looking forward to experience on

324
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heart cells and also

325
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osteoblasts the kind of cells that

326
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generate

327
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bone they're constantly regenerating

328
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bone in your bone tissue i'm also really

329
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looking forward to some of the genomic

330
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analysis that we're going to be doing

331
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looking at the first dna sequencing in

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space

333
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there's been a lot of renewed interest

334
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in trying to understand what's going on

335
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at a molecular level when we're on board

336
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the space station and this is really the

337
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only lab

338
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that we can take a look at that this is

339
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the only place that we have these tools

340
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to actually look at gravity and the

341
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human body as a system

342
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thanks so i'm speaking of the dna

343
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sequencer have you seen or smelled

344
00:13:54,230 --> 00:13:49,040
anything on station yet that you'd

345
00:13:58,710 --> 00:13:56,550
we were joking because one of the things

346
00:14:01,590 --> 00:13:58,720
that a microbiologist does is they take

347
00:14:02,949 --> 00:14:01,600
surface samples everywhere and i think

348
00:14:04,069 --> 00:14:02,959
folks are a little bit worried that

349
00:14:05,269 --> 00:14:04,079
they're going to run out of samples

350
00:14:07,430 --> 00:14:05,279
while i'm up here because i'm going to

351
00:14:10,150 --> 00:14:07,440
be so interested in in doing some

352
00:14:12,629 --> 00:14:10,160
experiments but i think the our water

353
00:14:14,389 --> 00:14:12,639
system is a phenomenal example we've got

354
00:14:16,870 --> 00:14:14,399
wonderful clean water

355
00:14:19,269 --> 00:14:16,880
but we've got a water system that's been

356
00:14:21,590 --> 00:14:19,279
up here for 15 years so i think it's a

357
00:14:23,910 --> 00:14:21,600
really interesting question to see do we

358
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have any microbes that obviously aren't

359
00:14:27,670 --> 00:14:25,920
pathogenic to humans we've been fine up

360
00:14:29,990 --> 00:14:27,680
here but do we have any microbes living

361
00:14:32,310 --> 00:14:30,000
in this system and if so what kind of

362
00:14:35,829 --> 00:14:32,320
selection pressure have they been on

363
00:14:37,350 --> 00:14:35,839
living in space station for 15 years

364
00:14:40,150 --> 00:14:37,360
are you going to have an opportunity to

365
00:14:42,389 --> 00:14:40,160
do any of that analysis or are you going

366
00:14:45,269 --> 00:14:42,399
to be strictly limited to the samples

367
00:14:48,710 --> 00:14:45,279
that are flying up with the analyzer

368
00:14:51,670 --> 00:14:49,910
so we're going to start out with the

369
00:14:53,269 --> 00:14:51,680
samples that are flying up with the

370
00:14:54,790 --> 00:14:53,279
analyzer and

371
00:14:56,069 --> 00:14:54,800
we're just going to take a look at this

372
00:14:58,550 --> 00:14:56,079
piece of equipment it's really

373
00:15:00,550 --> 00:14:58,560
technology development to understand

374
00:15:01,670 --> 00:15:00,560
how this is working in the microgravity

375
00:15:03,750 --> 00:15:01,680
environment

376
00:15:05,350 --> 00:15:03,760
technology behaves differently up here

377
00:15:07,990 --> 00:15:05,360
fluids behave differently up here

378
00:15:09,829 --> 00:15:08,000
bubbles form in fluids and so it's going

379
00:15:11,269 --> 00:15:09,839
to be a really interesting piece of

380
00:15:13,590 --> 00:15:11,279
equipment just to check out and to

381
00:15:16,550 --> 00:15:13,600
understand and there's definitely future

382
00:15:18,550 --> 00:15:16,560
plans i know to use not just uh

383
00:15:21,030 --> 00:15:18,560
the sequencer but an entire suite of

384
00:15:23,670 --> 00:15:21,040
equipment we have developed up here jeff

385
00:15:25,750 --> 00:15:23,680
did some experiments recently to develop

386
00:15:28,150 --> 00:15:25,760
a couple different kinds of

387
00:15:29,430 --> 00:15:28,160
machines to look at pcr to look at

388
00:15:31,030 --> 00:15:29,440
single genes

389
00:15:33,269 --> 00:15:31,040
and so we are going to use those in the

390
00:15:36,069 --> 00:15:33,279
future to look at microbes

391
00:15:37,910 --> 00:15:36,079
to look at cells in the human body

392
00:15:40,069 --> 00:15:37,920
to look at any kind of system that can

393
00:15:42,310 --> 00:15:40,079
have a microgravity influence thank you

394
00:15:44,790 --> 00:15:42,320
very much and i'm turning over to julie

395
00:15:48,550 --> 00:15:46,629
hi kate i'd like to

396
00:15:50,790 --> 00:15:48,560
expand a little bit more on that i'm

397
00:15:52,629 --> 00:15:50,800
curious to know what's the first

398
00:15:55,030 --> 00:15:52,639
experiment that you're going to do using

399
00:15:59,670 --> 00:15:55,040
the dna sequencer and when do you plan

400
00:16:05,189 --> 00:16:01,430
yeah so we're going to be doing that

401
00:16:06,870 --> 00:16:05,199
shortly after spacex 9 arrives and the

402
00:16:09,269 --> 00:16:06,880
ground teams have come up with an

403
00:16:11,269 --> 00:16:09,279
incredibly well thought out first set of

404
00:16:14,550 --> 00:16:11,279
experiments and what we're going to do

405
00:16:16,629 --> 00:16:14,560
is sequence the genome of a virus lambda

406
00:16:18,790 --> 00:16:16,639
phase which is not a pathogenic virus

407
00:16:20,710 --> 00:16:18,800
it's a standard one used in the lab

408
00:16:23,110 --> 00:16:20,720
we're going to sequence the bacteria

409
00:16:25,030 --> 00:16:23,120
again not harmful just one that we

410
00:16:26,870 --> 00:16:25,040
standardly use in the lab and we're

411
00:16:28,710 --> 00:16:26,880
going to sequence mouse genome and those

412
00:16:31,110 --> 00:16:28,720
are all three mixed together so that we

413
00:16:33,269 --> 00:16:31,120
can determine how the sequencer works on

414
00:16:35,749 --> 00:16:33,279
these different organisms

415
00:16:37,829 --> 00:16:35,759
and i understand that um like your

416
00:16:39,910 --> 00:16:37,839
calling sarah wallace was hoping for

417
00:16:41,829 --> 00:16:39,920
something a little more exotic but you

418
00:16:43,269 --> 00:16:41,839
sort of steered her into using some some

419
00:16:46,870 --> 00:16:43,279
very uh

420
00:16:49,110 --> 00:16:46,880
uh common place um pathogens that are

421
00:16:53,189 --> 00:16:49,120
not pathogens but samples so why was

422
00:16:56,470 --> 00:16:55,189
so i think people always look at my

423
00:16:58,710 --> 00:16:56,480
background and think i'm going to do

424
00:17:01,110 --> 00:16:58,720
something crazy science fiction on space

425
00:17:02,949 --> 00:17:01,120
station but we do have a lot of controls

426
00:17:04,710 --> 00:17:02,959
up here anything that we bring up to the

427
00:17:06,710 --> 00:17:04,720
space station has to be checked for

428
00:17:09,270 --> 00:17:06,720
safety because we're living in a closed

429
00:17:11,189 --> 00:17:09,280
loop environment so we're very careful

430
00:17:12,870 --> 00:17:11,199
to maintain all of those safety controls

431
00:17:15,189 --> 00:17:12,880
so we don't harm the occupants of the

432
00:17:17,029 --> 00:17:15,199
space station but because it is a closed

433
00:17:18,949 --> 00:17:17,039
loop environment that also provides some

434
00:17:20,470 --> 00:17:18,959
of the really interesting

435
00:17:23,510 --> 00:17:20,480
scientific questions that we want to

436
00:17:25,189 --> 00:17:23,520
answer we recycle our air we recycle our

437
00:17:27,110 --> 00:17:25,199
water and we've been doing that

438
00:17:29,510 --> 00:17:27,120
constantly as long as we've had human

439
00:17:31,669 --> 00:17:29,520
presence on board the space station

440
00:17:34,230 --> 00:17:31,679
so we balance the safety concerns and

441
00:17:36,310 --> 00:17:34,240
then we've also got a fantastic research

442
00:17:39,430 --> 00:17:36,320
environment to really learn some

443
00:17:41,029 --> 00:17:39,440
completely novel things about how human

444
00:17:42,710 --> 00:17:41,039
beings behave in a closed-loop

445
00:17:44,390 --> 00:17:42,720
environment

446
00:17:46,549 --> 00:17:44,400
you know i'm curious to know

447
00:17:48,630 --> 00:17:46,559
i mean this is a very portable device

448
00:17:51,430 --> 00:17:48,640
which is it's something kind of unique

449
00:17:54,150 --> 00:17:51,440
for a dna sequencer have you used this

450
00:17:55,909 --> 00:17:54,160
uh device before i know that it was used

451
00:17:57,110 --> 00:17:55,919
for example in congo

452
00:17:59,190 --> 00:17:57,120
uh

453
00:18:03,830 --> 00:17:59,200
for ebola and you were there is it

454
00:18:08,070 --> 00:18:06,230
yeah so i've uh when i was running lab i

455
00:18:09,510 --> 00:18:08,080
actually used a little bit older style

456
00:18:11,909 --> 00:18:09,520
sequencing technologies because we

457
00:18:13,750 --> 00:18:11,919
didn't have to worry about having things

458
00:18:15,590 --> 00:18:13,760
that were so portable

459
00:18:17,669 --> 00:18:15,600
but this kind of device is something

460
00:18:18,549 --> 00:18:17,679
that you would use in the developing

461
00:18:19,909 --> 00:18:18,559
world

462
00:18:22,789 --> 00:18:19,919
you could use this in an outbreak

463
00:18:24,630 --> 00:18:22,799
situation you could use it in a clinic

464
00:18:26,830 --> 00:18:24,640
where you don't have a lot of resources

465
00:18:29,510 --> 00:18:26,840
necessarily to buy a full-scale

466
00:18:31,669 --> 00:18:29,520
sequencer but you can

467
00:18:33,590 --> 00:18:31,679
enable some some kinds of diagnostic

468
00:18:35,350 --> 00:18:33,600
tests in really resource-poor settings

469
00:18:37,590 --> 00:18:35,360
so i think there's going to be a lot of

470
00:18:40,310 --> 00:18:37,600
future development with these small

471
00:18:42,310 --> 00:18:40,320
portable technologies and space station

472
00:18:44,230 --> 00:18:42,320
is an amazing place to test that out we

473
00:18:45,909 --> 00:18:44,240
have constraints here like power

474
00:18:47,270 --> 00:18:45,919
constraints all of our powers from the

475
00:18:49,669 --> 00:18:47,280
solar arrays

476
00:18:51,990 --> 00:18:49,679
data constraints and we have to engineer

477
00:18:53,750 --> 00:18:52,000
devices that are going to work in space

478
00:18:56,710 --> 00:18:53,760
station those same things are going to

479
00:18:59,190 --> 00:18:56,720
work in the most remote regions on earth

480
00:19:01,669 --> 00:18:59,200
i'm curious to know how is this going to

481
00:19:06,230 --> 00:19:01,679
improve the health of astronauts in the

482
00:19:11,430 --> 00:19:08,470
well right now we take samples and then

483
00:19:13,270 --> 00:19:11,440
we send them down on on spacex which

484
00:19:15,750 --> 00:19:13,280
actually has the ability to send down

485
00:19:17,909 --> 00:19:15,760
cold and frozen samples and scientists

486
00:19:19,830 --> 00:19:17,919
can later analyze that but we have a

487
00:19:22,390 --> 00:19:19,840
little bit of a lag so we don't actually

488
00:19:24,870 --> 00:19:22,400
get to look at what's going on and we

489
00:19:27,510 --> 00:19:24,880
don't get to analyze everything that's

490
00:19:29,190 --> 00:19:27,520
happening to human beings or to cells

491
00:19:31,510 --> 00:19:29,200
really in real time

492
00:19:33,750 --> 00:19:31,520
these kinds of small portable genomic

493
00:19:36,230 --> 00:19:33,760
technologies are going to let us look in

494
00:19:38,390 --> 00:19:36,240
real time what's actually happening to

495
00:19:40,710 --> 00:19:38,400
bone degradation for example what's

496
00:19:43,110 --> 00:19:40,720
happening to your immune system what's

497
00:19:45,669 --> 00:19:43,120
happening to a population of microbes

498
00:19:47,510 --> 00:19:45,679
that you bring up in a culture flask

499
00:19:49,669 --> 00:19:47,520
all right um i'm going to wrap up i've

500
00:19:51,750 --> 00:19:49,679
got one more question um

501
00:19:57,029 --> 00:19:51,760
how can the sequencer be used to detect

502
00:20:01,029 --> 00:19:58,950
yeah so that's an interesting question

503
00:20:02,870 --> 00:20:01,039
and and is one of the things that nasa

504
00:20:04,630 --> 00:20:02,880
is very interested in technology

505
00:20:06,870 --> 00:20:04,640
development for

506
00:20:09,190 --> 00:20:06,880
and one of the first things that we need

507
00:20:10,950 --> 00:20:09,200
to prove is just how this technology

508
00:20:13,029 --> 00:20:10,960
operates in microgravity and so that's

509
00:20:15,669 --> 00:20:13,039
what we'll be doing the checkout uh when

510
00:20:17,830 --> 00:20:15,679
it comes up on spacex9 is how the fluid

511
00:20:20,470 --> 00:20:17,840
layer behaves what happens with bubbles

512
00:20:23,350 --> 00:20:20,480
forming and is this kind of technology

513
00:20:24,789 --> 00:20:23,360
something that we can use in space and

514
00:20:26,789 --> 00:20:24,799
that's one of the amazing things about

515
00:20:28,789 --> 00:20:26,799
space station is it's a proving ground

516
00:20:29,909 --> 00:20:28,799
for all of these future technologies

517
00:20:33,350 --> 00:20:29,919
that we're going to develop for